THE « WHEN AND ONLY WHEN » AND « IF AND ONLY IF » CONJUNCTIVE PHRASES The "when and if" conjunctions can be repeated to form respectively the conjunctive phrases "when and onl y when" (lit. quand et seulement quand) and "if and only if" (lit. si et seulement si). These phrases are specific to scientific, technical and legal varieties of English.
1 - when and only when This phrase can be translated into seulement quand / lorsque or uniquement quand / lorsque : It is sometimes written with a comma after each "when" in the form "when, and only when" so as to emphasise its restrictive nature : The restrictive part of the phrase can also be highlighted using em dashes in the form "when―and only when―" : The phrase is also found in fixed elliptical clauses
: 2 - if and only if This conjunctive phrase is specific to the English of mathematics, logic and geometry. It is sometimes abbreviated to iff and translates to si et seulement si : If and only if is now found in common language and is usually rendered by seulement si or uniquement si or even au cas seulement où + present conditional : If and only if se rencontre aussi sous les formes if, and only if, et if―and only if― : © Christian Lassure - English For Techies To print, use landscape mode Pour contacter l'auteur : christian.lassure@english-for-techies.net home | tech voc | gen voc | grammar | EtoF | FtoE | exam papers | texts | pronunciation
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