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Manufacturing
processes
Source : Kris De Decker,
How Sustainable is Digital Fabrication?, Low-Tech Magazine, March 24, 2014
1 Manufacturing
processes can be broadly divided into two
groups: primary and secondary. The former -- such as forging and casting
-- provide basic shape and size to the material. Secondary processes
provide the final shape and size with tighter control on dimension and
surface characteristics. This second group is performed by so called
"machine tools".
2 Machine tools form
the basis of precision manufacturing. As such they are indispensable for
the production of nearly all modern technology, be it cars, planes,
household appliances, computers, solar panels, wind turbines, or other
machine tools. They are so fundamental to manufacturing that the United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) defines
"industrialisation" as the capacity to produce machine tools.
3 Machine tools are
stationary operating machines that perform the geometric shaping of
workpieces. They are mostly
subtractive technologies, dealing with any process in which material is
removed gradually from a workpiece. There is a great diversity in
specialized machine tools, but common examples are sawing and cutting
machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, turning machines (lathes)
and milling machines.
4 Machine
tools can process different materials, but today
most of them are used for the shaping of metal parts. Milling machines
have become the most common metal shaping tools in the mechanical
manufacturing industry. Milling is a process of cutting away material by
feeding a workpiece past a rotating cutting tool. A milling machine
operates like a human sculptor. It can have grinding, cutting and
polishing heads.
5 Lathes or turning
machines are similar to milling machines
but they are used to shape cylindrical workpieces. In a milling machine
the workpiece remains (relatively) stationary while material is removed by
moving tools heads. In a lathe, the workpiece is rotating while the tool
head remains (relatively) stationary.
|
ÉLUCIDATION |
|
I - Verbs related to
shaping and machining / Verbes liés
au formage et à l'usinage |
|
par. 1 |
|
| to forge (tr) |
forger |
| to cast (tr) (cast, cast) |
mouler |
|
par. 3 |
|
| to saw (tr) (sawed, sawn) |
scier |
| to cut (tr) (cut, cut) |
couper ; tailler |
| to drill (tr) |
percer |
| to grind (tr) (ground, ground) |
rectifier |
| to turn (tr) |
tourner |
| to mill (tr) |
fraiser |
|
par. 5 |
|
| to shape (tr) |
former, façonner |
| |
|
|
II - Other verbs encountered in the text
/ Autres verbes présents dans le texte |
|
par. 1 |
|
| to be divided (into) |
se diviser (en), se répartir (en) |
| to provide (tr) (to) |
procurer (à), fournir (à) |
| to be performed (by) |
être effectué (par) |
|
par. 2 |
|
| to form (tr) |
former, constituer |
| to define (tr) |
définir |
| to produce (tr) |
produire, fabriquer |
|
par. 3 |
|
| to deal (with) (dealt, dealt) |
traiter (de) |
| to be removed (from) |
être retiré (de), être enlevé (de) |
|
par. 4 |
|
| to process (tr) |
travailler |
| to be used for + gérondif (forme en -ing) |
servir à + inf. |
| to cut away (material) (cut, cut) |
enlever, retirer (de la matière) |
| to feed (tr) (fed, fed) (past) |
faire avancer (sous), faire passer (sous) |
| to operate (intr) |
opérer, travailler |
|
par. 5 |
|
| to remain (intr) |
demeurer, rester |
| moving (adj.) |
en mouvement, mobile |
| |
|
III - Remaining Vocabulary
/ Vocabulaire restant |
|
Titre et par. 1 |
|
| manufacturing process (pl. processes) |
procédé de fabrication |
| broadly (adv.) |
grosso modo, en gros |
| the former (adj. subst. pl.) (s'oppose habituellement à
the latter) |
les premiers (c.-à-d. les procédés du premier groupe) |
| shape |
forme |
| size |
taille, dimensions (pl.), cotes (pl.) |
| the material |
le matériau, la matière (d'œuvre) |
| tighter (compar. de tight) |
plus strict, plus serré |
| control |
maîtrise |
| so called (ac) |
ce qu'on appelle, (le) dit / (la)dite |
| machine tool |
machine-outil |
|
par. 2 |
|
| basis |
base |
| as such |
en tant que tel(s) / telle(s), à ce titre |
| precision manufacturing |
fabrication de précision |
| nearly (adv.) |
presque, quasiment |
| be it... |
que ce soit... |
| household appliance |
appareil ménager |
| computer |
ordinateur |
| solar panel |
panneau solaire |
| wind turbine |
éolienne |
| to be fundamental (to) |
être d'une importance fondamentale (pour) |
|
par. 3 |
|
| stationary |
stationnaire, fixe |
| operating machine |
machine d'exploitation |
| metal part |
pièce métallique |
| mostly (adv.) |
pour la plupart |
| substractive technology |
technique soustractive |
| gradually (adv.) |
progressivement |
| workpiece |
pièce à usiner |
| specialized machine tools |
machines-outils spéciales |
| lathe |
tour (la machine) |
|
par. 4 |
|
| the mechanical manufacturing industry |
les industries mécaniques (pl.) |
| rotating (adj.) |
rotatif |
| (tool) head |
tête (d'outil) |
|
par. 5 |
|
| while (conj. de comparaison marquant la simultanéité) |
tandis que, alors que |
| |
|
EXPLOITATION |
| IV - Find out,
in the text, the English verbal nouns corresponding to the following
French words / Rechercher dans le texte les noms verbaux anglais
(noms en -ing) correspondant aux termes
français suivants : |
| 1/ coupe |
|
| 2/ forgeage |
|
| 3/ formage |
|
| 4/ fraisage |
|
| 5/ moulage |
|
| 6/ perçage |
|
| 7/ polissage |
|
| 8/ rectifiage / rectification |
|
| 9/ sciage |
|
| 10/ tournage |
|
| |
| V - Translate
the following enumerations, taking into account the suggested word order / Traduire les énumérations suivantes en tenant compte
de l'ordre de traduction indiqué. |
1/ basic shape and size
(avec en 1/ shape,
en 2/ size; en 3/ basic) |
|
2/ final shape and size
(avec en 1/ shape,
en 2/ size; en 3/ final) |
|
3/ dimension and surface characteristics
(avec en 1/ characteristics, en 2/ dimension, en 3/
surface) |
|
4/ sawing and cutting machines
(avec en 1/
machines, en 2/ sawing, en 3/ cutting) |
|
5/ grinding, cutting and polishing heads
(avec en 1/
heads, en 2/ grinding, en 3/ cutting , en 4/ polishing) |
|
| |
|
| VI - Translate
the following word sequence, taking into account the suggested word order / Traduire l'empilement suivant en tenant compte de
l'ordre de traduction indiqué. |
| par. 4 |
|
(the) most common metal shaping tools
(avec
en 1/ tools, en 2/ metal shaping, en 3/ most common |
|
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© Christian Lassure - EFT
Le 20 mai 2015 / May 20th,
2015
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